The Dogue de Bordeaux is a canine titan, instantly recognizable by its massive head, solemn expression, and powerful, muscular build. Often called the French Mastiff, this ancient breed possesses a calm and patient demeanor that belies its imposing appearance. Behind the wrinkled facade lies a loyal, affectionate, and deeply devoted family guardian. However, owning such a powerful and sensitive dog is a significant responsibility that requires dedicated training, proper socialization, and a commitment to their specific health needs.
This guide will provide a thorough overview of the Dogue de Bordeaux. Therefore, by the end, you will be equipped to make an informed decision about whether this gentle giant is the right fit for your home.
Breed Overview
- Group: Working
- Height: 23 – 27 inches (at the shoulder)
- Weight: 99 to 110+ pounds (females are typically smaller)
- Life Span: 5 – 8 years
- Coat: Short, fine, and soft to the touch. The color comes in all shades of fawn, from a light golden to a deep red, often with a dark or black mask.
A Brief History: The Ancient Guardian of France
The Dogue de Bordeaux is one of the oldest French breeds, with a history that likely dates back to ancient times. While their exact origins are debated, they are believed to be descended from the Alaunts and Molossers used in war and for guarding estates throughout Europe. For centuries, they served in various roles across France, including guarding homes and livestock, pulling carts, and even working in slaughterhouses. Their history is one of unwavering loyalty and formidable protective instincts. Fortunately, the breed survived near-extinction after the World Wars and has since gained international recognition, partly thanks to the 1989 film Turner & Hooch.
The Dogue de Bordeaux Temperament: A Gentle Heart in a Powerful Body
The personality of the Dogue de Bordeaux is a complex blend of steadfast guardian and affectionate companion. Above all, they are known for their calm, patient, and deeply devoted nature.
- Calm and Patient: Indoors, they are often surprisingly low-energy and can be described as “couch potatoes.” They are typically quiet and content to lounge near their family.
- Devoted and Affectionate: They form intensely strong, almost symbiotic bonds with their immediate family members. Consequently, they thrive on physical contact and can be wonderfully gentle and tolerant with children they are raised with.
- Courageous and Protective: Bred as guardians, they are naturally watchful and reserved with strangers. Their protective instincts are powerful, so early and ongoing socialization is absolutely critical to ensure these instincts are properly managed.
- Sensitive and Willful: Despite their formidable appearance, they are sensitive souls who do not respond well to harsh training methods. At the same time, they can be stubborn, requiring a confident and consistent owner.
- Generally Quiet: They are not known as excessive barkers. Instead, they will typically vocalize only when they feel there is a legitimate reason, making them excellent watchdogs.
Caring for Your Dogue de Bordeaux
Exercise: Moderate but Important Needs
Despite their size, adult Dogues de Bordeaux have relatively moderate exercise requirements. However, their specific needs change dramatically as they grow.
- Daily Requirements: A couple of short, leashed walks and some gentle play in the yard are usually sufficient for a healthy adult. It is crucial to avoid strenuous exercise, especially in hot or humid weather, due to their brachycephalic (short-faced) nature.
- Puppy Considerations: Conversely, during their rapid growth phase, exercise must be strictly managed to prevent stress on developing joints. Short, frequent play sessions are far better than long walks or forced running.
- Mental Stimulation: Furthermore, their minds need engagement. Simple training exercises, food puzzles, and simply being included in family life help keep them content.
Grooming: Low-Maintenance Coat, High-Maintenance Wrinkles
Their short coat is easy to care for, but their signature facial wrinkles require dedicated attention.
- Coat Care: A weekly brushing with a rubber grooming mitt or soft brush is sufficient to remove loose hair and distribute skin oils.
- Wrinkle Care: This is the most important grooming task. The deep folds on their face, especially the one above the nose, must be wiped out and kept completely dry and clean every single day to prevent painful skin infections and irritation.
- Other Needs: Additionally, regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental care are essential for their overall health.
Training: Early, Consistent, and Positive
Training a Dogue de Bordeaux is non-negotiable. Given their adult size and strength, they must be taught manners and obedience from day one.
- Start Immediately: Begin socialization and basic obedience the moment you bring your puppy home. Positive exposure to a wide variety of people, places, sounds, and other animals is paramount to raising a well-adjusted and confident adult.
- Use Positive Reinforcement: They are highly sensitive to their owner’s tone and respond best to reward-based training with high-value treats and calm praise. Harsh corrections will damage your bond and are ineffective.
- Focus on Key Skills: Besides basic commands, special emphasis should be placed on loose-leash walking and a reliable “recall” or “leave it” command for safety.
Health: What to Be Aware Of
Prospective owners must be acutely aware of the breed’s significant health challenges. Their average lifespan is tragically short, and they are prone to several serious conditions.
- Cardiac Issues: They are predisposed to various heart conditions, including dilated cardiomyopathy.
- Joint Problems: Like all giant breeds, they are at high risk for hip and elbow dysplasia. Responsible breeders will have their breeding stock evaluated.
- Brachycephalic Syndrome: Their short muzzle can cause severe breathing difficulties, making them extremely susceptible to heatstroke.
- Bloat (GDV): This is a life-threatening emergency where the stomach twists. Knowing the symptoms and having a prevention plan with your vet is critical.
Is a Dogue de Bordeaux Right For You?
A Dogue de Bordeaux might be your perfect match if you:
- Are an experienced dog owner who can provide gentle but firm leadership.
- Have a calm household and are prepared for a significant amount of drool and shedding.
- Understand and can afford the potential for high veterinary costs.
- Want a deeply loyal, calm, and protective family companion.
You must reconsider if you:
- Are a first-time dog owner.
- Are looking for a long-lived breed or cannot emotionally handle a shorter lifespan.
- Want a highly active jogging or hiking partner.
- Have a low tolerance for drool, snoring, and general slobber.
Finding Your Dogue de Bordeaux
- Reputable Breeders: This is essential. Choose a breeder who prioritizes health above all else. They should provide clear health testing for hips, elbows, and heart conditions, and be transparent about the breed’s challenges and lifespan.
- Rescue and Shelters: Alternatively, breed-specific rescues for mastiffs and Dogues de Bordeaux do exist. Adopting an adult can be a wonderful way to provide a home, though it may come with its own set of challenges.
- Understanding the Cost: The initial purchase price from a reputable breeder in the U.S. is typically $1,800 – $2,500+. And it’s only the beginning. You must budget for high-quality food in large quantities, potential surgeries for joint issues, and other significant veterinary expenses throughout their life.
In conclusion, welcoming a Dogue de Bordeaux is a commitment to a loyal, sensitive, and magnificent guardian. In return for your unwavering dedication, vigilant healthcare, and respectful training, you will be rewarded with the profound and unconditional love of a true canine nobleman, even if that love is often expressed through a stream of drool.
